Vượt Qua Rollups: Mở Khóa Toàn Bộ Tiềm Năng Của Blockchain

Giải pháp mở rộng quy mô của Ethereum có thể gây ra nhiều thách thức hơn là giải pháp. Đây là lý do tại sao chúng ta phải khám phá các lựa chọn thay thế cho rollups.

\u00dd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a: Adrian Brink, \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Anoma<\/strong><\/em><\/p>","

Rollups \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ethereum. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 thanh kho\u1ea3n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ethereum.<\/p>","

Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang rollups kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ethereum, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac blockchain m\u1edbi thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>","

R\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh rollup<\/strong><\/p>","

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c rollups ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a M\u00e1y \u1ea3o Ethereum (EVM). Ch\u00fang gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ra kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u1ea3o thay th\u1ebf (altVMs), cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng rollups ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c farming \u0111i\u1ec3m, thi\u1ebfu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>","

S\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u1ee7a rollups d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 thanh kho\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>","

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/p>","

Rollups kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n chia th\u1ef1c thi. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Rollups v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Ethereum cho t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Ethereum v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>","

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c rollups d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean zero-knowledge (ZK) cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1eadt m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean chu\u1ed7i, h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n 200 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a EVM, m\u1ed7i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u00e0n giao d\u1ecbch phi t\u1eadp trung (DEX) c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","

C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p rollup hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a blockchain: l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>","

Plasma v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh: ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>","

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ki\u1ec3u Plasma. Plasma lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t, cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ngo\u00e0i chu\u1ed7i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 rollups, n\u01a1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng l\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, Plasma cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng l\u00ean chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>","

Ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf t\u1ea7ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac blockchain m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>","

\u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng blockchain cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o 'c\u00e1i g\u00ec' thay v\u00ec 'l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o', cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>","

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng phi t\u1eadp trung (DApps) tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 thanh kho\u1ea3n t\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Ethereum, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u1edbp 2, v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh Ethereum ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1edbp 2 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m l\u1edbp thanh to\u00e1n. C\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp chung c\u00e1c rollups c\u1ee7a Ethereum, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qua c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n coi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea3nh quan \u0111a chu\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>","

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u Plasma v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi cho rollups, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh.<\/p>","

M\u1edf kh\u00f3a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a blockchain v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>","

Ng\u00e0nh blockchain ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng sang vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng mang l\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n \u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 rollups r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ethereum, nh\u01b0ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hay ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>","

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 Plasma cung c\u1ea5p, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edf kh\u00f3a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng gian blockchain g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Web2. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho rollups m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>","

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 rollups \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m Web3. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u1edf kh\u00f3a ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a blockchain, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tham v\u1ecdng h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 blockchain: mang l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>","

Adrian Brink \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Anoma, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Cryptium Labs, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng PoS, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i tr\u00ean ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp Cosmos t\u1ea1i Tendermint. Adrian hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ef9 Anoma.<\/p>","

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin chung v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>","